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El
Subjuntivo:
 Description
Exercises
(Click on the dot to go directly to related
exercises)
Verb
List (Click on the dot to go directly to
a (partial) list of verbs)
There is a great deal of information
to be mastered on the formation and uses of the subjunctive.
But don't get all nervous on me.
On this page you'll find a section
on how to form this verb tense,
including irregulars and spelling changes.
Finally there are various examples on
what complete sentences using the subjunctive look like including several
examples of "subjunctive-indicators".
Below you will find
explanations on why and how to use the subjunctive.
In reviewing this verb tense, ask yourself THREE
questions:
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HOW is the subjunctive
formed (simply: how do you spell the verb)?
WHAT do sentences
that use the subjunctive have in common?
What do these sentences look like?
Finally, ask yourself,
WHY do we use the subjunctive?
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LOS USOS:
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To describe things that you:
WISH or HOPE
to be true
DOUBT are true
WANT to be true
have an EMOTIONAL response
to
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INDICATIVO = REALITY
It IS sunny,
I AM tall,
I think there IS
a test tomorrow
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vs.
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SUBJUNTIVO
= NOT REALITY
I WANT it to be
sunny,
I HOPE he is tall,
I suggest you get
good grades
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¿CÓMO SE FORMA?
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To Form the Present Subjunctive:
Usually, you just need to SWAP
the ending (a <=> e)
DO REMEMBER: if the verb has a
WEIRD YO form, that's the form you use to make the subjunctive.
ALSO: -CAR, -GAR, -ZAR verbs also
have their little tricks (in ALL the forms in the subjunctive)
Stemchanging verbs still only
change in the BOOT. (NO CHANGE in the NOsotros) . -ir verbs are
typically maddening, but we'll get to those later . . .
There are also several
irregular verbs
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SWAPPED
VERB ENDINGS:
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-er/-ir
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a
as
a
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amos
- - -
an
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bailar
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| baile
bailes
baile
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bailemos
----- bailen
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aprender
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aprenda
aprendas
aprenda
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aprendamos
-----
aprendan
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salir
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salga
salgas
salga
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salgamos
-----
salgan
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-AR
and -ER "boot" verbs which stem-change in the present
indicative
STILL CHANGE !!
BUT:
NOT IN THE NOSOTROS FORM
(they're still BOOT verbs after all, right?!)
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POR EJEMPLO:
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Yo espero
que ellos
encuentren el dinero.
Ella quiere
que nosotros volvamos
a las 10.
POR EJEMPLO:
| Ojalá que
nosotros no muramos de sed. |
| Ella duda
que
nosotros nos divirtamos. |
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MANY REGULAR VERBS WITH ODD "YO" FORMS
ARE STILL "REGULAR"!
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conocer
(yo conozco)
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| conozca
conozcas
conozca
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conozcamos
- - - - -
conozcan
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oír
(yo oigo)
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oiga
oigas
oiga
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oiga
- - -
oigan
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SOME REGULAR VERBS HAVE A small
SPELLING CHANGE
Why is that? It's about the SOUND of
the word!
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-car
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| toque
toques
toque
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toquemos
- - - - -
toquen
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-gar
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pague
pagues
pague
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paguemos
- - - - -
paguen
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-zar
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comience
comiences
comience
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comencemos
- - - - -
comiencen
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IRREGULAR VERBS:
If you do the "SWAP" first, it really cuts down on the
number of "IRREGULAR" verbs!
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saber
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sepa, sepas,
sepa, sepamos, sepan |
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ser
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sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean |
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ir
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vaya, vayas,
vaya, vayamos, vayan |
TO FORM
SENTENCES WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE . . . .
There needs to be a REASON
that makes its use necessary.
The subjunctive-INDICATOR
(REASON)
is almost ALWAYS in the FIRST-HALF of the
sentence.
The SUBJUNCTIVE
VERB appears in only ONE-HALF
of a sentence
(usually the SECOND
HALF ).
POR EJEMPLO:
Mi mamá quiere que
nosotros nos lavemos las manos antes de comer.
Ojalá
que no llueva mañana.
Esperamos que Elena gane
el partido.
El profesor recomienda que
Uds. empiecen ahora.
Es importante que terminemos
antes de las siete.
Mi hermano prefiere que
nuestros padres no salgan todavía.
Aconsejo que tú
no pierdas el tren.
Some "SUBJUNCTIVE-INDICATORS"
include these kind of expressions:
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Wishing,
Wanting,
Hoping
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querer
esperar
desear
preferir
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Ojalá
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hopefully (not a verb!) |
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Need
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es necesario
es importante
hace falta |
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Suggesting
&
Recommending
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es mejor que
sugerir
aconsejar
recomendar |
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Emotions
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alegrarse que
me encanta que
temer
sentir
estoy content@
me duele
me frustra |
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Doubt
&
Disbelief
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dudar
parece mentira que
no estar segur@ que
no creer
es increíble que |
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Possibility
&
Impossibility
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es posible que
posiblemente
puede ser que
es fácil que
es difícil que
es probable
es imposible |
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